Social psychology defines people’s attitudes as an association of beliefs and judgment toward some purpose. People’s behaviors are changing according to the influence of the communication and behavior response of the majority of people. We only take attitudes in case of individual’s motivation and benefit that sustain our reasoning consistency as approaches of functional and affective cognition. According to Eagly, A., & Chaiken, S. (1995), in “Attitude strength, attitude structure and resistance to change”,
They said that an interactive network can be changed through a single node. And that the activation of an emotional node can influence the associative network. Consequently emotional node can modify attitudes through cognitive mechanisms.
People’s emotion is the major key of social influence and attitude change. In the negotiation for example between 2 negotiators each of both tries to convince the other party of the logic of his proposition. Moreover individuals work and think with their cognitive state. In addition those emotional statements are seen in advertising campaigns of health (tobacco health risks) or in political movements that highlight the fright of violence and criminality.
According to Davis, E. E. (1965) in “Attitude change”, attitude arises from vital factors that influence the emotional state of peoples and their stimulus. It does include self-efficacy and involvement to eventual issues. However decision involves a new position and attitude toward an object that may defy society norms and lead them to conflicted situations. For example politics speaks about honesty and transparency and the necessity to fight corruption and in the same time they are involved in briberies and high corruption. It is exactly what it is happened in the last revolts in Arab regions. When Islamists leaders speak about social justice and the necessity to fight poverty and corruption and in the same time Islamists leaders bought homes & land and became businessmen’s. In promoting unfairness and inequities in their societies, governments nurture conflictual emotions and lack of trust among peoples and their followers cannot lobbying for them because they are not convinced thus they cannot convince people of the great actions of their leaders.
Societies are responsible of their attitudes beliefs and behaviors
Productivity change kills the absolute rule
Recent researches highlighted that education is a strong weapon that learn assume social responsibility, skills and workforce. According to Berger, N. & Fisher, P,(2013) in “A Well-Educated Workforce Is Key to State Prosperity”, education can be deteriorated as well as economic collapse. Consequently overall economic stability derives only from employment steadiness. It is essential that governments and its institutions must invest in the organization structure and its long term benefits. The decentralization of institutions and the application of legal procedures and protocols allow commitment at work, the fair competition and the advancement of increase productivity. It is the only way to ensure social expansion and standard of living for all. Consequently the collapse of Arab governments was triggered by the economic flop and the escalation in the Unemployment .However statistics showed gap between the job markets and the job work and it is essential that postulants to job placement achieve a training orientation that help them to gain skills and to find job immediately. According to (Fisher, 2009), education plays a preeminent role in the job market and contributes to get a long term decent career. However the Millennium development goals “MDG”,(UN,2015) showed that developed countries possess higher levels of education & health and lower rates of mortality with lower rates of crime than poor countries. Moreover countries of high dictatorship showed high discrimination, centralization of power, corrupted governments & institutions, armed militias, violence against women, criminality, drug abuses, alienation and high social dislocation.
Scholastic performance and advanced technologies contribute to redefine state governance and educational structure that will grow academic skills and job safety. Consequently advanced learning and continuing education will improve citizenship, people consciousness and the life of poor communities. By the way government state will focus on new economic policies that create disciplines and opportunities for all. Subsequently countries of repression have tendency to control economy as well as education, free opinion and women emancipation. Moreover new researches showed that survival is reliant on liberation of education, economy and women freedom. However higher levels of education link to improve people happiness and their life values. It does contribute to reshape a culture of tolerance and a societal vision that give rights to all. Yes the academic achievement kills negative beliefs, attitudes of stigma that target the most vulnerable communities and those of high concerns.
The arithmetic of human nature and the power of soul
Philosophers found a dualistic interpretation of the human soul through the Aristotelian-Atomistic concept that appears body as a fascinating prospect. However, the viewpoint of the “obsolete” (archaic) metaphysics developed a doctrine constantly flawless and incongruous in debates. Aquinas presented solutions that arise from vital discrepancies based upon coherent debates. But Aquinas concepts cannot be applied to actual problem of materialism that fa Aquinas is seen as a moralist, a philosopher of religion, a metaphysician, and a theorist of being.
For him metaphysics defines the principles of logic and good reason. Human mind here is an astonishing assessment between physical sources and true sense-perception. It’s just the conditional relation between physical reasons and terminologies. Consequently the terminologies exist in human as well as in animals and define the sensation of hurt. But human
Human mind is a phenomenon that connects physical bases with terminologies.
Descartes stated that humans are distinguished from animals by his mind structure and his humanoid intellect. Subsequently Aristotelian doctrine joined the Descartes works which stated that mind is restricted to intellect and consciousness.
There is arithmetic in the human nature between body and soul. It does epitomize a philosophical understanding that involves natural sciences and societies with its beliefs and political structure. The psychological well-being reveals how much social structures provide life approval and self-fulfillment
According to (Gable & Haidt, 2005), the absence of factors stress reduces the probability of suffering. How human intellects know him-self? As it’s described by Aquinas human intellect are in connection with their intellect’s self-knowledge, through the essence of an individual intellect. {Kelly, A.(1993). Aquinas on mind; the nature of intellect pp.41/58}
Everyone needs to reach a fulfillment and to learn life skills. But if people cannot reach their ambitions, they will be imbalanced and unhappy because self-motivation is a part of human nature. However self-satisfaction is the stimuli of human life.
Arab populations lost their self-esteem
The self-esteem is merely a feeling of having respect for ourselves and our abilities that may provide a confidence and satisfaction in one-self. Having self-regard and self-respect means feeling secure and having high self-esteem. Smith and Mackie (2007) defined self-esteem as “The self-concept is what we think about the self”; the attitude of society and its judgment describe the social psychology and the evaluation of individuals toward a purpose. Our attitudes define how we are affected by our feelings because our behavior specifies our tendencies and beliefs. Our attitudes are driving by emotions stored in our brain and we can always retrieve it. We know exactly what we want to do and what hurt us. Psychologists stated that our attitudes can be assessed and reveal that undesired attitudes may lead to distress and misery. Moreover the context-sensitivity is a drive for finding answers and opening new prospects. In other part it is reported that negative environment is unhealthy for society and may lead to change human nature. The human cognitive picture defines the social psychology focused on social interfaces and groups of people. It is reported that social structures implicate the social cognition with its rules. However social interactions lead to evaluate social behavior & attitudes reasoning, and some situations build attitudes and beliefs. For example injustice and oppression may lead to alienation among civil society and unhealthy behaviors ,because deprived people feel destitute and hurt in their self-esteem. They feel miserable and begin to think that they are incompetent or bad person or unlucky. This feeling may take a large dimension and lead to emotional disabilities. Consequently disability here defines how a person feels, acts, thinks or perceives in social context. In other part mental disorder is one aspect of mental health. In this manner Stigma and discrimination are the creation of societies and associated to mental disorders. in some cases social movements attempt to increase understanding and fighting challenges & social exclusion. for example the last Arab revolts showed that populations were deeply hurt in their dignity and today countries of dictatorship show a rise-up in mental health disorders, drugging and criminality. It’s clear that oppressive political regimes lead to misery and alienation of their populations
The ethics of democracy
Ethics defines a moral philosophy that embrace a theory of moral values based upon principles of what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. Ethics is teaching in schools and universities and aims to provide joy, knowledge and virtue for human survival. The knowledge here is the concept of logical arguments, belief, information and perception that gain the commitment of the majority of people. It’s a way to combat discrimination, racism, provocation and ethnic abuses that may lead to wars and terrorist actions. It does comprehend rules that obligate people to respect each other’s such as religion and beliefs. Moreover the democracy and the free expression give you the right to critic but never to injury human values and dignity. We have a great example of the horrible terrorist actions perpetrated in Paris against Charlie Hebdo. It is a signal that governments which agreed for multiculturalism didn’t reshape policies to protect…
View original post 39 more words
The ethics of democracy
Ethics defines a moral philosophy that embrace a theory of moral values based upon principles of what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. Ethics is teaching in schools and universities and aims to provide joy, knowledge and virtue for human survival. The knowledge here is the concept of logical arguments, belief, information and perception that gain the commitment of the majority of people. It’s a way to combat discrimination, racism, provocation and ethnic abuses that may lead to wars and terrorist actions. It does comprehend rules that obligate people to respect each other’s such as religion and beliefs. Moreover the democracy and the free expression give you the right to critic but never to injury human values and dignity. We have a great example of the horrible terrorist actions perpetrated in Paris against Charlie Hebdo. It is a signal that governments which agreed for multiculturalism didn’t reshape policies to protect…
View original post 39 more words
The ethics of democracy
Ethics defines a moral philosophy that embrace a theory of moral values based upon principles of what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. Ethics is teaching in schools and universities and aims to provide joy, knowledge and virtue for human survival. The knowledge here is the concept of logical arguments, belief, information and perception that gain the commitment of the majority of people. It’s a way to combat discrimination, racism, provocation and ethnic abuses that may lead to wars and terrorist actions. It does comprehend rules that obligate people to respect each other’s such as religion and beliefs. Moreover the democracy and the free expression give you the right to critic but never to injury human values and dignity. We have a great example of the horrible terrorist actions perpetrated in Paris against Charlie Hebdo. It is a signal that governments which agreed for multiculturalism didn’t reshape policies to protect citizens, media and free publications. In other part social ethics is necessary and must be integrated in the educational programs in order to learn new generations that coexistence and open minded must be followed by rules and valuable standards.
The trichotomy of logic in politics
The trichotomy of logic is an organizational communication that thrives on semiotic research (Mucchielli,A.,(2003). Mucchielli had proposed different perspectives based on the method of thinking and of the ensuing results obtained. The trichotomy of logic defines a structure that develops a language and provide signification for words and sensing action. It’s an approach that combines a schematic theory and a semiotic conception for philological meaning. It does provide a basis for the analysis of communication systems and the scrabbled significances. It does emphasize that epistemology evidence are human values fashioned on basis of true, equality and self-assurance. The god defines the life purposes, the value judgment and a logical pursuit of human being. However the historical doctrine of human rights evolved from legitimate morale of philosophy through justice & equality that identify the conception of natural rights and social identification. Moreover “human rights designate a moral universalism that moral truths as an argument to protect and sustain the human existence and the moral order” (Aristotle in Nicomachean ethics). It is a set of legal systems that link to valid norms of life. It does explain that legal justice is only a reproductive image of the natural justice. And the rationalization derived from historical truths and illogical reasoning that hurt many populations and individuals. The trichotomy here shows a various state of rational thinking molded from historical immoralities. In distinguishing between ‘natural justice’ and ‘legal justice’, Aristotle writes, ‘the natural is that which has the same validity everywhere and does not depend upon acceptance.’ (Nicomachean Ethics, 189) Thus, the criteria for determining a truly rational system of justice pre-exist social and historical conventions. “
From Proficiencies to Leadership
Transformational leadership is a process that enhances motivation, morale and performance of supporters through diverse mechanisms that bond community leaders to fashion a shared identity and a metaphor of public ideals. It’s in fact a role model of actions in support of societal values that challenge followers to take greater ownership for their work and understanding their weaknesses in order to enhance their performance.
However James Mac Gregor Burns (1978) first introduced the concept of transforming leadership in his political research and stated that “leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation”. Burns related the distinction between management and leadership and stated that the differences between both remains in characteristics and behaviors. Consequently Burns recognized two concepts, such as; Transforming leadership; Transactional leadership
The transforming approach creates important change in the life of people and organizations and reshapes perceptions, values and changes expectations & employees ambitions. It’s focused on the charismatic personality of managers (leaders) and their abilities to allow change happen. It can be seen through the revitalizing vision of the organization and in inspiring goals. Leaders are modeled in their morality and their thoughts link to team work benefits, organization and community gains.
Moreover transformational leadership defines a role model that supports collective actions and a common vision of humanistic values.
Therefore Bernard M. Bass (1985) developed the work of Burns (1978) and enlightened the mechanisms of transforming leadership and in what way transformational leadership could be measured in order to motivate followers to attain their performance (Bass, B. M. Leadership and Performance 1985, N.Y. Free Press). The transformational is measured according to leader influence on the followers who feel trust, faithfulness and respect for the leader who makes followers inspired at work.
In contrast with Burns, Bass stated that leadership can at once show both transformational and transactional leadership. In addition leadership correlates four essentials elements of transformational leadership, such as:
Individualized consideration- how the leader listens and supports his followers? And how much he is open to communication with his followers?
This includes the respect and the appreciation of the individual contribution to the organization by the followers who have their own motivation for their duties. However transformational leadership dominates the all sectors of Western societies and governmental institutions. For example the Defense Forces apply the deep lead Model which is based upon the theory of transformational leadership. In the research transformational and transactional leadership used the survey “The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire” (MLQ form 5X). It consists on measure each of the mechanisms of the full range of leadership which was started by Bass (1985) and based on factors and analysis.
The MLQ is reported as describing the result of leadership and not the specific actions of the leader that lead to results. Consequently Bass and Avolio (1990) introduced new versions with many items that describe the direct leadership actions. Furthermore John Antonakis provided solid evidence in support of the validity and reliability of the MLQ5Q.
( Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. 2003. Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor Full-Range Leadership Theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261-295.) Yukl (1994) designed some instructions for transformational leadership ( Yukl, G.(1999).
Transformational leadership focuses on competencies and skills that drive leadership performance. And according to Goleman’s model (What makes a leader, 1998), leaders must be able to recognize follower’s emotions & weaknesses and in what way to move them for the right direction.
Genesis of civilizations
Most of us believe that participating to volunteerism actions provide us fulfillment for ourselves and a deep satisfaction to do our duty toward our God and nation.
It’s a way to build society’s social capital and self-confidence that stimulate creative thinking and quality production. The problem is to educate young people to be a part of their communities and convince them to do their best. But progress and generalized trust don’t arise without the dynamic role of public life that engages social behavior and cultural values. If we examine closely the reasons of stagnation in the social progress in the countries of authoritarianism, we can see merely that citizenship is not allowed or is organized as political audience and power to domineering governments. However social progress cannot be realized without the contribution of volunteering on basis of democratic politics and public minded. It’s clear that people cannot be good if…
View original post 64 more words
albaitalsaid 